In recent years, the industrial field of machine processing product quality demand is also higher and higher, especially some high-precision parts, the processing accuracy and quality of the product has a very high demand.
The CNC lathe is an important carrier of high-precision parts processing. Many parts require the use of CNC lathes.
However, with the continuous improvement of modern processing levels, the processing efficiency of CNC lathes is struggling to meet the demand for high-precision parts.
This requires effective control of the factors influencing CNC lathe high-precision parts processing.
At this stage, there is still a lot of room for improvement in the quality of CNC lathe parts processing.
It is necessary to adjust the CNC lathe. This will help improve the quality of parts with irregular shapes but high processing accuracy.
Importance of quality control
Before the use of CNC lathes, ordinary lathes were used. These machines relied on manual work.
During the processing process, the human eye was used to control errors in the three-grasping chuck and turntable. This method helped improve part machining quality.
However, the process was neither efficient nor accurate. It was also unable to support large-scale production. As a result, it was difficult to meet the rapid development of social and economic needs.
With the development of technology, the increased demand for parts is growing, and CNC machines are gradually replacing general machine tools for parts manufacturing.
In CNC turning, companies only need to program the NC code into the machine control system, and then by the lathe in accordance with the specified path for cutting.
In modern machine tool equipment, CNC machine tools have been used more and more, it is important to improve the production quality of machine tools, improve the manufacturing level of machine tools.
Processing influencing factors
Some studies have shown that the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools and the actual needs of production have a large error.
In the manufacturing process of high precision workpieces, due to programming, equipment, procedures and many other aspects, the processing quality of the machine tool also has a greater impact.
Usually, we will choose the ratio of the manufacturing error of the machine tool to the process error, if the casting parts require higher precision, then the error of the CNC machine will be greater.
To improve the accuracy of the casting process, it is essential to meet production requirements.
This requires strict control over various factors affecting the accuracy of the machine tool.
Additionally, combining this with actual processing and targeted optimization can help improve the accuracy of CNC lathe machining. (Table 1)
1. Servo system drive factors
CNC machine tool servo control system actuators have a significant impact on the manufacture of high-precision workpieces.
Typically, the servo drive drives the machine tool fixture device. This enables the manufacture of high-precision workpieces.
The process is: through the CNC car on the ball screw monitoring, servo and drive motors to help ensure the manufacture of high-precision CNC machine tool shape.
However, in actual production, due to the error of the ball screw drive, it will have a great impact on the machining accuracy of the machine tool.
In practice, the screw must reverse the mechanism, which is highly susceptible to idling, followed by a reverse backlash deviation.
CNC machine tool will torsion when subjected to external action, resulting in elastic backlash in certain machining areas, which severely restricts the machining accuracy of the machine tool.
2. Turning tool control factors
in the process of CNC machine tool mould production, in order to meet the shape of the mould demand, it is necessary to cut the appropriate tool.
When cutting the tool, the control surface of the tool and the size of the spindle are very prone to error, which leads to the cutting deformation of the part.
This requires selecting the optimal cutting parameters during the CNC machine programming process.
At the same time, problems such as cutting errors can arise. These errors are due to the difficulty in accurately executing the tool’s movement path.
High-precision parts quality control strategy
1. Control of servo system drive error
When carrying out the design of CNC machines, the servo drive must be tightly controlled in order to control it in the optimised interval.
Effective control of the servo drive manufacturing deviation starts with optimizing the characteristics of the transmission equipment.
Efficient regulation of the transmission equipment is necessary. This ensures that the machine tool can achieve efficient management during the driving process.
On this basis, the load and air pressure of the servo drive system is further optimised, so that the servo drive can carry out efficient loading of the parts, thus improving the control accuracy of the machined parts.
In order to improve the accuracy of the CNC machine, after adding the servo device, it is also necessary to optimally control the machining state of the machine.
2. Machine cutting parameters control
(1) Correct selection of tools.
Before CNC machine cutting, the material of the tool should be considered.
When selecting tools, they should have good toughness, hardness, and wear resistance. Additionally, they should be resistant to high pressure and high temperature.
At present, the most common cutting tools are cemented carbide and high-speed steel.
Cemented carbide has better high-temperature performance than high-speed steel. It performs well at temperatures up to 1000°C and has excellent hardness and wear resistance.
(2) Tool selection.
By reasonably selecting tool parameters, such as tool tip deviation from the spindle center, tool tip radius, and main inclination angle, precise control can be achieved.
This control affects the radial and axial directions of the workpiece.
In the selection, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the workpiece material, machining requirements and models and other factors in order to determine the optimal machining process.
(3) Workpiece positioning method.
When positioning the workpiece, the cutting amount should be minimized. The use of CNC machines combined with clamping helps improve workpiece clamping efficiency.
This method not only saves machining time but is also applicable to various parts fastening. It results in better economic efficiency.
3. Strictly control the geometric accuracy of turning tool operation
In the CNC lathe, the geometric accuracy of the tool directly affects the processing of high-precision parts.
Based on this, CNC lathe designers need to consider actual production conditions. During manufacturing, they should continuously optimize and improve the guidance of the car body.
This will improve the geometric accuracy of the lathe tool.
As a result, the tool will have better extruding performance and manufacturing precision. Additionally, it will allow for effective control of the lathe tool’s use.
In tool manufacturing, to maximize the use of CNC machine tools, the entire structure is generally designed at a tilt.
This design improves the load-bearing capacity and bending performance of CNC machine tools.
4. Improvement of error compensation
CNC lathes use error compensation technology during high-precision parts processing. This technology significantly improves processing efficiency.
It is an effective complement to the current coordinate axis. The method combines software and hardware for high-precision parts processing.
The 0.5 level closed-loop control has been studied, as the reverse deviation will lead to a decrease in the positioning accuracy of the workpiece. This deviation should be eliminated by reverse error compensation.
Similar to the parts machining accuracy limitation, the error compensation technology can be reasonably utilized for current CNC lathes without changing the original design, which greatly saves the production cost.
In addition to this, the error compensation method of ball screw with needle feed is also used.
In the production process of CNC machine tools, the accuracy of pin feeding can lead to errors. To address this, CNC machine tool controllers should use gap compensation methods.
This compensates for the offset of the ballscrew, improving the service life and stability of the CNC machine tool ballscrew.
5. Application of optimal processing technology
To improve the machining accuracy of high-precision parts on the CNC lathe, efficient manipulation of the CNC machine is required.
At the same time, efficient regulation and control of the cutting method and manufacturing process are essential.
This will improve both the efficiency and accuracy of manufacturing high-precision workpieces, ultimately enhancing the quality of the workpieces.
Therefore, the processing of the CNC control device should be closely controlled. Try to make the high-precision parts in one go.
If it cannot be completed successfully at once, minimize the number of replacements.
Separate the fine and coarse machine tools to achieve the quality of high-precision zero-point machining.
Additionally, optimizing the CNC lathe process path is essential. When selecting the travel trajectory, shorten the work cycle of the machine tool.
This will increase the cutting efficiency of the tool and remove unnecessary work steps. Ultimately, this improves the economic efficiency of the CNC machine tool process.
Before the CNC machine tool processing of high-precision workpieces, it must be debugged, then reprogrammed, and then started, when the CNC machine tool can realize automated production until the end of the manufacturing process.
The operator has to perform process program entry, tooling, programming, monitoring of production conditions, assembly and disassembly.
Reducing the intensity of work and achieving intelligent operation of the machine tool is important.
In addition, during CNC lathe processing, it’s essential to accurately manage surface roughness and accuracy.
The process of calculating these values should also be streamlined to reduce the workload of the CNC machine tool.
6. Error prevention strategy
The development of error prevention strategies is key in CNC lathe production.
It involves continuously improving the accuracy of lathe fixture parts. This helps reduce process accuracy deviation at the overall level.
However, for parts manufacturers, based on the original CNC lathe, it is often difficult to improve the accuracy of parts processing, which requires changes to the original CNC lathe.
Therefore, the error prevention strategy has a high cost of use.
Optimization scheme for quality control
1. Enhance the operator’s ability to strengthen the tool setting and state accuracy
During CNC lathe processing, tool control is an important part of processing high-precision parts, and the operation is more difficult.
Tool calibration and clamping accuracy directly impact the subsequent processing steps of high-precision parts.
They also control the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Improving these aspects is crucial for enhancing the manufacturing quality of high-precision parts.
At present, the detailed division of tool-to-tool has two kinds of manual tool and automatic tool, of which the manual tool is more common.
In the cutting process, manual tool setting can easily cause issues. This leads to abnormal tool wear.
To address this, improving the operator’s process technology is crucial. Enhancing training on tool setting and loading skills is an important way to improve workpiece processing quality.
2. Use simulation software to increase the rationality and accuracy of CNC program
In today’s rapid development of science and technology, a variety of simulation software emerging, CNC simulation simulation system to help designers accurately complete the programming code verification;
In the actual production process, the process of high-precision parts can be visualized. During the simulation of parts cutting, it is possible to check for issues.
This allows for the optimization of the source program code, ultimately improving the quality of high-precision parts processing.
Conclusion
In conclusion, CNC lathe is the foundation and an important carrier of machining production.
It offers advantages such as a high degree of automation and high operating efficiency.
Optimizing and improving CNC lathe technology helps enhance the quality of high-precision parts processing.
